Effect of adverse childhood experiences and DNA methylation on male sexual orientation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The causes for male sexual orientation are complicated, which have not yet been clarified. Recent years have witnessed fruitful progress in the field of biology, while the impact of environment has received little attention. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), identified as a special environment in the early stage of development, can affect the individual phenotype by DNA methylation. Given the relationships among male sexual orientation, ACEs, and DNA methylation, as well as based on the existing theory, this article proposes the model "ACEs-DNA methylation-male sexual orientation"from the perspective of environment and epigenetics, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for future research.

HIV resistance in men who have sex with men: a Meta-analysis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To assess the prevalence of HIV primary drug resistance and drug resistance gene mutations among men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods:We searched eight electronic databases (CNKI,VIP,CBM,Wanfang Database,PubMed,Web of Knowledge,Springer,Medline) for the studies of HIV drug resistance relevant to MSM.Drug resistance and drug resistance mutations data were pooled and analyzed according to statistical test of homogeneity.Subgroups were further divided according to sample size,location,race,quality rating score,sampling time.Results:Forty-three studies were included in this Meta-analysis.The pooled rate of total to protease inhibitor (PI),nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor(NRTI) or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) were 10.21％ (95％ CI 8.65％ to12.03％),2.98％ (95％ CI 2.25％ to 3.93％),4.05％ (95％ CI 3.14％ to 5.21％),4.42％ (95％ CI 3.31％ to 5.88％),respectively.The pooled rates of PI major mutation,PI secondary mutations,NRTI mutations and NNRTI mutations were 0.55％ (95％ CI 0.38％ to 0.80％),1.31％ (95％ CI 0.98％ to 1.75％),0.85％ (95％ CI 0.51％ to 1.40％),1.19％ (95％ CI 0.70％ to 2.01％),0.79％ (95％ CI 0.55％ to 1.13％),1.73％ (95％ CI 1.21％ to 2.46％),0.86％ (95％ CI 0.61％ to 1.21％),2.24％ (95％ CI 1.77％ to 2.83％),respectively.Sample size,region,and race were heterogeneous sources;the rate of resistance mutations and gene mutation rate were different in different subgroups.Conclusion:The prevalence of primary drug resistance among MSM was high in Americas and Europe,and it was gradually increased in Asia.We should pay attention to the high incidence of PI secondary mutations.

Research progress on molecular genetics of male homosexuality / 中华医学遗传学杂志

Sexual orientation is influenced by both environmental factors and biological factors. Family and twin studies have shown that genetic factors play an important role in the formation of male homosexuality. Genome-wide scan also revealed candidate chromosomal regions which may be associated with male homosexuality, but so far no clearly related genes have been found. This article reviews the progress of relevant studies and candidate genes which are related to male homosexuality.

Contact tracing of pregnant women infected with syphilis and the associated factors / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the current status of contact tracing among pregnant women infected with syphilis and to analyze the associated factors from patients' perspective.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant women who aged 18 years old, receiving prenatal care services in Shenzhen, diagnosed with syphilis according to national diagnostic criteria (WS 273-2007) from 2008 to 2011 were recruited and the total number was 3 551. Information of both pregnant women (including demographic information, laboratory results, syphilis diagnosis, and personal life history) and their partners (including results of partner tracing and laboratory examination) were collected with structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the factors associated with partners' contract tracing. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidential interval (95%CI) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age was 28.72 among recruited 3 551 syphilis-infected pregnant women, with standard deviation of 5.21 and range of 18 to 40. Totally 2 550 partners attended antenatal clinics and received syphilis examination, with a contact tracing rate of 71.81%. The OR(95%CI) was 1.70(1.26-2.30) for pregnant women with college or above education when comparing with those with senior high school or below education. The OR(95%CI) was 0.57(0.45-0.71) for those unmarried or divorce when comparing with those married. The OR (95% CI) was 0.73(0.56-0.94) and 0.65(0.53-0.81) for those screened in 28-36 gestational weeks and those screened in >36 gestational weeks or right before delivery separately, when comparing with those screened in ≤27 gestational weeks. The OR (95% CI) was 1.45(1.14-1.84) for those having received sufficient treatment before pregnancy when comparing with those diagnosed with latent syphilis. The OR(95%CI) was 0.31 (0.24-0.39) for those having no treatment or not standardized treatment when comparing with those having standardized penicillin treatment. The OR(95%CI) was 0.53 (0.43-0.65) for those terminating the pregnancy when comparing with those giving birth to a baby. The OR(95%CI) was 1.24 (1.05-1.46) for those having two or more love histories when comparing with those having only one love history. The OR(95%CI) was 4.74 (3.54-6.35) for those intending to disclose the serostatus to their partner when comparing with those showing unwillingness to disclose the serostatus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The successful rate of contact tracing among pregnant women infected with syphilis was high. The implementation of contact tracing may be affected by many factors, including patients' education levels, marital status, gestational weeks of screening, stage of syphilis, treatment status, outcome of pregnancy, number of love histories, and willingness of serostatus disclosure.</p>

Temporal and spatial distribution as well as prediction model of sexually transmitted diseases in elderly men in Shenzhen / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To analyze the status quo of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of the elderly in recent years in Shenzhen, to explore the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution,and to establish prediction model of STDs of the elderly in Shenzhen. MethodsUsing the surveillance system data of STDs from 2005 to 2009 in Shenzhen city, the incidence, temporal and spatial distribution of syphilis and gonorrhea were analyzed in the elderly aged 50 years and over by SaTScan. The incidence prediction model of STDs was established by Eviews 5.0.Results (1)The incidences of the two kinds of STDs from 2005 to 2009 in Shenzhen were on the rise and on more marked increase in male than in female. The rising velocity in over-60 year age group was similar with in 50-59 year age group. The rising velocity of syphilis was faster than gonorrhea. (2)The space-time distribution analysis showed there were clusters of the STDs in elderly men in 2005 in Lianhua and Meilin districts (P = 0. 026, RR= 2.13). (3) ARIMA (0, 1,1) (0,0, 1) 12 model was a suitable forecasting model for STDs in elderly men in Shenzhen. Conclusions

Sequence analysis and genotyping of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among patients with suspected-Neisseria gonorrhoeae / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among a population with suspected-Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection,the distribution of Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes,assess changes in omp1 sequences among patients with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis coinfections.Methods Four hundred and one swabs were collected.Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected by Roche Amplicor System.DNA were extracted from those samples and were amplified by nested PCR.PCR products were sequencing and analyzed by software Mega4.0.Results The prevalence of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection,Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and coinfection with genital gonorrhoea and genital chlamydia were 82.3%,24.2% and 21.7% each.Eight genotypes were identified in 73 sequences,including E(27.4%),G/Ga(23.3%),D/Da(16.4%),F(13.7%),J (11.0%),H(5.5%),B and K(each 1.4%).Sequencing analysis showed that 3 cases(4.1%) had missense mutation,including genotype D/Da,E,G/Ga.Genotypes F,H,J and K were more variable,however,most of them were silent mutation.Conclusion The prevalence rate of genital Chlamydia trachomatis among a population with Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection was high.The most common genotypes were genotype E,G/Ga,D/Da and F; Sequencing analysis has provided a tool for the molecular epidemiology of genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Polymorphisms of vpr gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in China / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To compare the mutation sites in human immunodefieiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene via of HIV-1 infected individuals from different regions in China with the previous studies, and to provide information for the further study on the relationship between HIV-1 vpr gene mutations and clinical conditions of the patients. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerasc chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR were used to amplify HIV-1 vpr gene of 398 HIV-1 infected individuals. The amino acid sequences were analyzed to determine polymorphisms, deviation rate and common mutation sites of HIV-1 vpr gene. Meanwhile, the viral load, subsets of lymphocytes and clinical course of patients infected with mutated HIV-1 were analyzed. Results One hundred and fifty three positive samples which were obtained from 398 HIV-1 infected individuals were available for further analysis. The amino acids sequence typing of HIV-1 Vpr were showed that CRF01 AE was 51.63%, subtype C 24.84%, subtype B 17.65%, CRF03_ AB 3.92% and CRF08 BC 1.31%. Eighty four point three percent of 77th amino acid of HIV Vpr sequence was glutamic acid which was significantly different from what overseas researches reported that the R77Q mutation was correlated with long-term non-progression (LTNP) of AIDS. The mutations of the, 63th, 70th, 85th, 86th, 89th and 94th amino acids of HIV Vpr were likely related to the clinical remission of HIV-1 infected individuals. Conclusions M group is the main type of HIV Vpr typing in China, and CRF01 AE is predominant. Some amino acid mutation sites of HIV-1 Vpr are possibly correlated with clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infected individuals.

DC-SIGNR polymorphisms and its association with HIV-1 infection / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association of the polymorphism of homologue of dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN related, DC-SIGNR) gene with the susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The distribution of the DC-SIGNR variants in the tandem repeat region and their association with HIV-1 infection in a cohort composed of 345 HIV-1 seropositive and 468 high-risk HIV-1 seronegative individuals was examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are 14 genotypes and 5 alleles in the DC-SIGNR repeat regions in the cohort. Although the most common DC-SIGNR allele among Chinese Han population and the Caucasian population is 7, it was found in a higher frequency in the Chinese than in Caucasians (67.1% vs.46.0%, P<0.01). HIV-1 seropositive individuals had a lower frequency of the genotype 7/7 than the high-risk seronegative individuals (38.55% vs. 48.29%, P=0.0057), but a higher frequency of genotype 9/5 (4.35% vs. 1.07%, P=0.0029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest that the tandem-repeat polymorphisms of the DC-SIGNR gene in the Chinese Han population exhibit unique genetic characteristics previously unrecognized in the Caucasian population. Genotype 9/5 seems to be a risk factor for HIV-1 infection in the Chinese population.</p>